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New business models and legal framework for dissemination of digital content (presentation available in PDF)
Roger Josevold. National Library of Norway, Norway
The Norwegian National Library made a decision in 2005 to digitize all of it´s collection. Being a multimedia legal deposit institution the decision implies digitizing printed material, manuscripts, music, film, photos, radio broadcasts and television. A long term schedule for the total operation was presented to the owner, The Ministry of Culture in 2006.
The plan was approved by the Ministry. Financing is made possible by internal restructuring, increased budgets and strategic partnership with publishers sharing the cost of the digitization.
First move was a joint operation between The National Broadcaster and The National Library to establish a mass digitization operation of historical radio broadcasts, and establishing a digital storage facility for long term digital preservation. Both operations were financed 50/50 by the two institutions.
By 2011 the National Library has established 16 production lines to convert content from conventional carriers to digital objects. The digital collection adds up to a total of 1.900 T-byte of unique content, including 170.000 books, 250.000 newspapers, 610.000 hours of radio broadcasting, 500.000 photography.
The copyright act permits The National Library to digitize their own and other´s collections for the purpose of long term preservation. The increasing digital collection creates a multi-media digital library.
In 2006 The National Library in cooperation with the right-holders organization LINO created a web based digital library service. The digital library gave full-text access to books, periodicals etc containing information related to the theme High North.
On the basis of experiences from this small-scale project a more ambitious project was launched through an agreement between the Collecting Society Kopinor and The National Library in 2009. The bookshelf.no gives open and free access for all Norwegian IP-addresses to all books published in Norwegian in the last decades of the four last centuries, including 50.000 copyright protected works. The service opened in may 2009 and the agreement expires in December 31. 2011.
The extended collective licensing authorizes the collecting society Kopinor to negotiate agreements on behalf of all right holders including translated works and orphan works.
The service will be evaluated in 2011 and a presentation at the Liber conference will include some preliminary findings. The focus will be on use, user behavior and possible effects on sales and library loans.
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Roger Josevold (1952.5.2) Cand. mag. social sciences, University of Oslo and Nordland University 1982 Posisions (last 20 years) Publications: In Norwegian |
Research support services: the rationale for a new partnership and roles at the University of Leicester Library (presentation available in PDF)
Louise Jones. University of Leicester, United Kingdom
This paper examines the developing partnership between the University of Leicester Library and the Research Support Office (RSO). It discusses the drivers and barriers to partnership, and the outcomes including the creation of a new role of Bibliometrician. We have discovered that joint work on promotion of open access, integrated research management systems and bibliometrics enhances research support and strengthens the Library and its visibility to researchers.
Research is integral to the success of the University. Leicester’s government funding for quality related research is the 19th highest in Britain. Internationally our citation levels place us amongst the top 1% of universities in the world. Some universities consider their primary purpose to be high quality research, others concentrate on excellent teaching. Leicester believes that the two are synergistic.
This belief is challenging for the University Library. Investment in the David Wilson Library building combined with as strong customer service ethos has driven student satisfaction up. However the Library is becoming invisible to our researchers . The library is delivered to their desktops, and they are unaware of the Library’s role. Partnering with RSO is part of the solution.
RSO supports grant applications and awards, preparations for the national research quality assessment exercise(RAE), and provides management information. The Library’s relationship with RSO sprang from the 2008 RAE which the Library played an active role in for the first time. It was decided that all research outputs submitted to the RAE should be in Leicester Research Archive (LRA), the University’s institutional repository managed by the Library. RSO manage an internal publications database, and the Library had to partner with them to populate the LRA.
This led to a long-term partnership that is shaping the Library’s approach to research support. Drivers and barriers to the partnership are examined including external pressures and differing professional expertise. The productive outcomes of the partnership will be discussed illustrating the role the partnership played in shaping these, indeed arguing that without the partnership many of the developments might not have happened. Finally future strategic developments and the partnership will be discussed.
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Louise Jones has been Director of Library Services at the University of Leicester since 2007, where she opened the award winning David Wilson Library. She has a background in both technical services and medical librarianship. She is currently Chair of the SCONUL Working Group on Performance Improvement, and her Library recently gained the Customer Service Excellence award. She has a Masters in Information Studies and an MPA from the University of Warwick. |
Using mobile devices for reading eBooks: an experiment with eReaders and Netbooks (presentation available in PDF)
Françoise Vandooren; Dominique Lerinckx; Christophe Algoet. Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
This paper presents an experiment led at the Library of Université libre de Bruxelles whose objectives were to identify the users’ reading strategies in the hybrid print and electronic environment, to establish the advantages and disadvantages of eReaders and Netbooks as mobile reading devices for eBooks, and to study the behaviour of students and teachers with these devices.
The ULB Library is continuously increasing its collection of eBooks and is therefore willing to know how students and teachers are using them compared to printed books, which reading devices they are using and what their added value is, and what type of licenses and usage should be negotiated to meet the users’ needs.
In order to investigate these issues, the Library led an experiment in 2010, in collaboration with professors of chemistry for BA3 students. The library bought specific eBooks and uploaded them, together with other electronic resources, onto eReaders and Netbooks which were lent to the participating students and teachers; a survey questionnaire was to be filled in before and after the experiment. The Library faced the publishers’ reluctance to collaborate in this experiment for copyright reasons (problems of file format, protection, type of usage allowed, etc.). Finally, two publishers, De Boeck and Elsevier, agreed to contribute to the experiment.
The results of the survey reveal the types of information resources used by students, their reading strategies, and the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 types of reading support (print, eReader, Netbook) for various uses: quick overview of the content, set the context, handle several books simultaneously, underline text and share comments, search the text, locate, have access to and transport books...
The conclusions highlight that eBooks provide many enhanced usage opportunities: search and browse facilities, facet classification, sharing notes, compiling tailor-made textbooks, semantic linking across resources... Although the eReader offers some interesting functionalities such as touch screen, bookmarks, annotation, text search and highlight, and is transportable, light and affordable, it still needs to be improved as it is not adapted for graphs, tables and diagrams, it is slow to browse, and there are not enough textbooks available for eReaders. The Netbook appears more attractive for its connectivity, sharing and applications facilities.
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Françoise Vandooren has been holding her current position of Attaché at the Libraries Head Office at the Université libre de Bruxelles since 1999. She holds a Master Degree in Linguistics and worked as a researcher in computational linguistics in the past, and participated in various European R&D projects. In her current position, she has been dealing with library management issues, digitization activities, institutional repository and open access issues. She has been involved in the Open Access Working Group of the European University Association and initiated the Scholarly Communication Group in UNICA (network of universities from the capitals of Europe). She has also served as an independent expert in the evaluation of EU projects for the 7th Framework Programme. |
Bibliometric analysis tools on top of the university’s bibliographic database, new roles and opportunities for library outreach (presentation available in PDF)
Wouter Gerritsma; Peter van der Togt; Marco van Veller. Wageningen UR Library, The Netherlands
The library of Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen UR Library) has been involved in bibliometric analyses of various of the institution’s research groups since 2003. A service to facilitate the calculation of advanced bibliometric indicators was implemented on top of the university’s bibliographic database in 2009. We are therefore able to prepare the bibliometric analyses, for any unit of Wageningen UR, i.e. institutions, departments, graduate schools, chair groups, projects, all the way down to the level of the individual researchers at any moment. For these analyses we compute advanced bibliometric indicators. In this article we will explain the methodology we have followed. We illustrate ii with the results our researchers receive from the bibliometric analysis tools implemented on top of our bibliographic database. Over the subsequent years these bibliometric analyses have become a mandatory requirement in the standard preparation for any research assessment exercise at Wageningen UR. This service has improved the awareness of the universities bibliographic database and the (OA) repository amongst the research staff of Wageningen UR tremendously.
By performing these analyses Wageningen UR library has gained itself a reputation amongst our research staff as the experts in the field of bibliometrics within our university. It has provided us with ample opportunities to liaise with our research staff. In the advance of external peer reviews the library is asked to explain the methodological approaches followed in these analyses. When the reports have been drafted our expertise is consulted with a view to present the bibliometric results in the best possible way for the external peers, and after the moment the reviews have been concluded we are consulted with the question how groups or persons can optimise their publication strategy with a view to enhance their citation impact. Optimising their publication strategy, by selecting the right journals, collaborate with the right partners, etc. has become a topic for many presentation to our academic staff. Publication strategy has been integrated in courses aimed at PhD students, taught by the library, to raise their awareness of research assessment exercises and the way these are performed.
For libraries the field of bibliometrics forms a logical extension of new services to be provided in the arena of the changing information profession.
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Wouter Gerritsma is responsible for research information at Wageningen UR library. He has worked as subject librarian for plant sciences for over 10 years. During this period he has developed the subject of bibliometrics within the university in such a way that it has become an essential service of the library. Apart from his interests in bibliometrics Wouter actively engages in the development of the concept of librarian 2.0 and maintains a blog on all these activities at http://wowter.net |
Cultural heritage and the public domain
Bas Savenije; Annemarie Beunen. KB, National Library of the Netherlands, The Netherlands
The recent report of the “Comité des Sages” recommends that “cultural institutions should make public domain material digitised with public funding as widely available as possible for access and re-use”. One of the objectives of the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities is “encouraging the holders of cultural heritage to support open access by providing their resources on the Internet.”
Libraries often are the only source for public domain material such as unique manuscripts. This position puts them in power when determining the conditions under which reproductions can be delivered. This position is prone to change as soon as public domain material is available via internet and thus can be copied by anyone.
We can observe a variety in re-use policies among cultural heritage institutions, in which not only libraries but also archives and museums are involved. And there certainly is no unanimity when it comes to commercial re-use. The situation becomes even more complicated when public-private partnerships are involved in which the commercial party poses restrictions on access and/or re-use.
The paper analyses the legal issues that are at stake in deciding about the library’s re-use policy of digitised heritage material within the public domain. It also gives an overview of arguments pro and con open access without any restrictions. Its conclusion is in favour of no limitations for re-use, commercial or not.
Finally, it analyses public-private partnerships in the light of the conclusions.
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Bas Savenije graduated in philosophy in 1977. Since then, he has held a range of positions at Utrecht University, among which director of Strategic Planning and director Budgeting and Control. From 1994 until 2009 he was university librarian of Utrecht University, managing the comprehensive university library. He has initiated a pervasive innovation program for the library aimed at implementing and continuously improving electronic services. One of the results is an e-press within the university library of Utrecht for electronic publishing and archiving services. |
Fostering new roles for librarians. Skills set for repository managers: results of a survey in Italy (presentation available in PDF)
Maria Cassella (1); Maddalena Morando (2). University of Turin, Italy (1); Polytechnic of Turin, Italy (2)
The open access movement in scholarly communication has considerably grown over the last ten years, and has subsequently driven an increase in the establishment of institutional repositories (IRs). This change led to develop and to define new professional roles and skills for the IRs’ effective management.
Traditionally, metadata curation has been regarded as a strategic element for repositories and therefore the library and information community has taken up the management of these digital archives. However, it has become clear that traditional librarian professional skills, such as metadata expertise and curation, leave now the way to a richer set of skills such as management and communication skills, technical skills as well as expertise on access rights and on preserving digital content.
Referring to the work carried out for the SHERPA Project in UK on the skills set for repository staff the authors performed a survey among repository managers in Italy to assess the professional background of the repository managers and the skills set required to implement successful institutional repositories. In our survey we focused on the following questions:
what is the educational and professional background of the repository managers in Italy? What communication skills are needed for advocacy and promotion? What technological knowledge is needed? What expertise in order to plan fund raising and develop strategies for the repository development? Are institutions aware of the importance of suitable and ongoing training for repository managers? Which is the balance between training and self training in repository managers background?
The rationale for writing this paper is to foster studies on repository managers skills and to develop curricula which focus on the needs and on the requirements of the repository managers training.
Skilled repository managers support successful institutional repositories.
The e-reader – an educative or entertaining tool? (presentation available in PDF)
Peter Ahlroos; Jonna Hahto. The Tritonia Academic Library, Finland
Tritonia is an academic, joint library for five universities, University of Vaasa, Vaasa University of Applied Sciences, the Åbo Akademi University, Novia University of Applied Sciences and Hanken School of Economics. Tritonia also provides pedagogical services for the staff of all five universities. In autumn 2010 Tritonia started an e-reader project aiming to explore in which extent the Kindle readers will affect motivation of learning and renewal of teaching methods.
More and more studies focus on e-readers. E.g. Clark et. al (2008) and Pattuelli and Rabina (2010) concentrated on user experience and users’ opinions about e-readers in their surveys. However, the use of e-readers in academic environment has been a much less explored theme in e-reader studies. There are few exceptions, including pilot studies conducted by seven universities in the USA (Damast 2010) and Aalto University in Finland (Aaltonen et. al. 2010). In both studies the students were given e-readers with course material. In the results, certain usability issues encountered.
Due to the rapid technical development, the aim of Tritonia’s project is not to concentrate on usability issues or evaluate the device itself, but to focus on the pedagogical aspect of the e-readers. Is there a change in students’ attitudes to the reader? Are new ways of using the readers found? Is there a change in the teaching methods? How could the teaching methods be developed? The presumption is that an increased student motivation will rather increase than decrease learning in general. As a research method questionnaires were used before and after the usage, as well as teacher interviews.
The project conducted at Tritonia is based on student courses (10-15 students) where each student receives a Kindle reader loaded with the course literature chosen by the teacher. Students were also given an opportunity to download their own study material. The project started in October 2010 and the preliminary results from the first two groups of communication students will be received as this paper is being written. This semester two more groups will be piloting Kindles, one group of open university students and one of university teachers.
The output of this project can be a basis for university teaching development plans as well as for learning material production and refinement. The most valuable outcome would be to motivate teachers to efficiently implement e-readers in the daily life of the students.
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Peter Ahlroos is working as the Educational Technologist at Tritonia Academic Library. Learning material development and production has been the main tasks during the past 10 years. |
Measuring ULB scholars output visibility: a quantitative assessment of Scopus metadata quality using Google Refine (presentation available in PDF)
Sébastien Droesbeke; Seth van Hooland; Max De Wilde; Isabelle Boydens. Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
In 2010, the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) formed a partnership with Elsevier to load ULB scholars references stored in Scopus into its newly founded institutional repository. However, the dataset obtained from Scopus unveiled a major metadata quality problem as the proposed collection of references lacked a large number of actual publications. The manual browsing of the Scopus website led to the discovery of 43 distinct identifiers for the affiliation of ULB researchers, which explains the incompleteness of the dataset offered by Scopus. Knowing that such tools are used to measure the production of scholars in university rankings – Scopus is the only bibiometric data supplier for the QSWorld University Rankings – one cannot but acknowledge the strategic importance of metadata quality for both individual scholars and their institution in terms of visibility.
The problem of name and affiliation ambiguity in scholarly research has been acknowledged throughout different disciplines. International initiatives such as ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) and ISO's International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) are currently working towards the development of unique identifiers for authors and organisations. However, methods and tools to draw up a diagnosis of the quality of existing author and affiliation metadata are much needed, especially as the concept of quality is not an absolute one but rather dependent on its adequacy to context (or fitness for use). Hence, this paper offers a concrete analysis of author and affiliation metadata which can be generalised to other academic libraries. The case study starts out with a typology of issues related to misrepresentation (e.g. affiliation errors, multiple IDs for one author, etc.). In parallel, a sample from ULB researchers is drawn by using simple random sampling (SRS) coupled with a post-stratification technique, for which bibliographic metadata are extracted from the Scopus website. These metadata are then processed with Google Refine, a powerful tool designed to clean, transform and enrich 'messy' data, while SPSS will be used to further analyse the extracted metadata.
Results will provide us with a better understanding of quality issues affecting ULB representation within Scopus and allow us to improve general quality with respects to common practices. Moreover, the methods applied in the case study can subsequently be extended to other institutions experiencing similar metadata issues.
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Sébastien Droesbeke is working for the electronic library department at the Université libre de Bruxelles. Most of his work there has been dedicated to the development and the improvement of the newly created institutional repository: DI-fusion. As part of this, he as developed synergies with the information and communication technologies department, bringing practical and daily problems into the light of theoretic concepts and scienti c methodologies. His main research interests are in bibliometrics, metadata quality, and the undergoing transformation in academic libraries. Since october 2010, he is also a teaching assistant lecturing scienti c information retrieval for both BA and MA students in communication sciences. |
